Samsung and TSMC might be leading the charge in the semiconductor industry with their pursuit of mass-producing 2nm technology wafers, but there’s a new player emerging on the scene. Japanese firm Rapidus is making significant strides in closing this technological gap, despite being a year behind its main competitors. Recently, Rapidus initiated trial production of 2nm GAA wafers, making waves with the establishment of a cutting-edge facility housing 200 units. Fortunately, progress isn’t hindered by U.S. export controls, allowing Rapidus access to the latest equipment needed for their ambitious production goals.
The prototype mass production of these advanced 2nm GAA lithography wafers is taking place at Rapidus’ newly minted IIM-1 foundry. As one of Japan’s pioneering companies in installing advanced EUV machinery for production below 2nm, Rapidus is setting its sights on becoming a leader in the semiconductor manufacturing space. Their innovative single-wafer front-end processing technology allows adjustments to be made on individual units, which can then be systematically applied across the board, resulting in massive cost savings.
This approach not only drives cost efficiency but also enhances data collection, enabling AI models to fine-tune production processes and improve yield outcomes. It’s impressive how much Rapidus has accomplished in just a few years. After stepping into the advanced semiconductor manufacturing arena in September 2023, the company completed its clean room by 2024 and installed 200 state-of-the-art wafer production units by June 2025.
Looking ahead, Rapidus is developing a Process Development Kit for the IIM-1 foundry’s 2nm process, set to be available to customers by the first quarter of 2026. This will allow clients to start prototyping their designs promptly, with mass production slated to kick off in 2027. While Rapidus may be entering the game a bit later than Samsung and TSMC, having only three companies focusing on 2nm manufacturing places the Japanese firm in an exclusive league.
